How the students should be taught? Or in what ways they are being taught? If these questions are arising in anybody's mind it indicates that a person wants to know about the method that is applied by the teacher to make the process of learning keep going. It can be understood in this way too, teaching methods are nothing but a way of imparting knowledge to the students. The method of teaching is very important in the whole process of learning. 

The teaching method is nothing but a scientific way of presenting the subject matter, just keeping in mind the physical psychological, and social perspectives of the children. As it is felt or believed that it is the responsibility of a teacher, to make all the students familiar with whatever has been taught. 

There may be more than one method of teaching, and in the same manner, there might be more than one road going toward the destination. It is supposed that a teacher using his/her intellect will select the best one that can help to take out the best in the students. Because the teacher’s selection will decide later on that how this learning process is identified, whether effective in the teaching-learning process or not.

 While a teacher makes a selection he/she should keep in mind the psychological, physical, and social aspects of the students. If the appropriate methods are chosen then it will certainly help the students not only in their goal setting but also attaining this.

There is no wonder that too many questions are asked in this Process of teaching learning because people always remain confused regarding these methods of teaching, in this way it gets connected with misconceptions or some other wrong inferences. That is exactly what clarifies to the students who are wishing to master the knowledge or any kind of skills. 

They ought to pay special attention to grasping at least the basic theory of teaching methods and start doing a lot of practice, to make themselves fit, in the whole process of learning. 

There are certain important methods like-: 

Textbook Method-: this is the method in which the whole class is made busy or the students are taught through textbooks that are prescribed by the government or the different agencies of education. This type of method is considered the main objective of information.

 The merit of the textbook Method,

a) It brings about efficiency and provides knowledge to the students these books are written after much research and keeping in view the benefits for the students.

b) The books are written systematically and scientifically so students also get an idea of how to make things systematic and to live a better life.

c) It can help to improve the memory of students because several times It is asked by the teacher memorizes the facts that have been mentioned in the textbooks.

limitations related to textbooks method-:
a) This method doesn't employ certain maxims of education
b) This method makes the students inactive and lethargic because it narrows their outlook, even if they take part in the acquisition of knowledge.
c) The knowledge acquired is not permanent due to a lack of resources.
Lecture Method-:
This method is usually used by the teacher to make the process of learning run smoothly the whole process is controlled by the teacher and the students are passive listeners. Due to the lack of participation of the students, the whole process of learning gets dull. It indicates that It is no more than spoon-feeding, students have less interest, and their reasoning power also gets affected very badly.

Merits of lecture method -:

1) The main advantage of this method, is that a large group of students can be set to work at the same time, and it doesn’t require any aids or materials.

2) Teacher feels secure and satisfied, it seems quite easy to follow.

3) This method simplifies the process because the teacher dominates the lesson it gets easy to provide factual information regarding the facts. 

4) This method gives authority to teachers to develop his/her style of teaching. 

Demerits of lecture methods -: 

1)in this method the student's participation is negligible and students become passive listeners of any information.

2) in this process the knowledge is imparted so rapidly that creates a bad impact on weak students. 

3)learning by doing, is neglected very badly, so all the other faculties don‘t get developed properly.

4)It doesn't suit slow learners, individual needs and differences of students remain untouched. 

Observation Method -: students travel from one place to another during tours they get an opportunity to observe things. If the opportunity is given to the students it is said that the knowledge acquired through this method is clear, complete, and perfect. 

Whatever is observed should be guided or supervised very carefully by the teacher. This method has a wide range and should be very conveniently applied. Teachers encourage the students to acquire as much as they can. As a guide and a philosopher a teacher has got great responsibility.

 Merits of observation  method-:

A) Here the students acquire knowledge independently. They remain active in acquiring knowledge that provides good experiences in their future life.

 B) it develops close cooperation in a school and society as well.

 C) it helps to develop the logical thinking of the students.

 Difficulties of observation method-:

 A) Sometimes the problem of discipline has to face.

 B) When excursion trips are organized sometimes some of the parents don’t let their children go out for observation to enhance the power of perceiving.

 It has been noticed an individual who is receiving an education doesn’t give importance to the methods that are employed in the whole process. Education usually is taken as something that just happens to anybody, and one never pays much attention to how this process is managed.

As for the effective teaching-learning process is concerned with, at present any type of teaching practice can be employed but it should be relevant enough to create personal and social significance for students. 

The students should be intellectually and emotionally dynamic, in their enthusiastic ways of learning, in other words, it can be said that they ought to be motivated to learn all this to untangle any predicaments.